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Phrenic nerve pacing
Phrenic nerve pacing (PNP), or "diaphragm pacing", is the application of rhythmic electrical impulses to the diaphragm, resulting in respiration for patients who would otherwise be dependent on a mechanical ventilator. The concept of phrenic nerve pacing was originally referred to as "electrophrenic respiration", although the Food and Drug Administration identifies the device as a "diaphragmatic/phrenic nerve stimulator"—a class III medical device, which requires pre-market approval.
To date, the only commercially available device of its kind is the Breathing Pacemaker made by Avery Biomedical Devices. The device currently has FDA pre-market approval. Avery's product should not be confused with a different device currently under development (see “diaphragmatic pacemaker”) at Case Western Reserve University.
== Indications for Use ==
According to Medicare, phrenic nerve stimulators are indicated for “selected patients with partial or complete respiratory insufficiency” and “can only be effective if the patient has an intact phrenic nerve and diaphragm.” (''Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual'', Chapter 1, Part 2, Section 160.19) Common patient diagnoses for phrenic nerve pacing include patients with spinal cord injury, central sleep apnea (i.e. Ondine's curse), and diaphragm paralysis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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